Namahage - ritualinis baudžiantis demonas.
Kiti to paties veikėjo vardai - Amahage, Amamehagi, Appossha, Amaburakosagi, Akamata-Kuromata(ja), Suneka, Toshidon(ja), Yamahage, Nagomehagi.
Namahage (生剥)[1] a ritual-disciplinary demon, in traditional Japanese folklore is a demonlike being, portrayed by men wearing oversized ogre masks and traditional straw capes (mino(ja)) during a New Year's ritual.
The frightfully dressed men, armed with deba knives (albeit wooden fakes[3] or made of papier-mâché) and toting a teoke (手桶"hand pail" made of wood),[2] marching in pairs or threes going door-to-door making rounds of peoples' homes, admonishing children who may be guilty of laziness or bad behavior,[2] yelling phrases like "Are there any crybabies around?" (泣く子はいねがぁnakugo wa inēgā?)[5] or "Are naughty kids around?" (悪い子はいねえか waruigo wa inēka?) in the pronunciation and accent of the local dialect.
The namahage visits are nowadays practiced on New Year's Eve[6] (using the Western calendar). But it used to be practiced on the so-called "Little New Year" (小正月Koshōgatsu),[3] the first full moon night of the year. This is 15th day of the first lunar calendrical year, which is not the same thing as January 15[7] as it usually falls around mid-February, exactly two weeks after the Chinese New Year (Japanese: Kyūshogatsu).
A legend has developed regarding the origins of namahage, that Emperor Wu of Han (d. 87 BC) from China came to Japan bringing five demonic ogres to the Oga area, and the ogres established quarters in the two local high peaks, Honzan (本山) and Shinzan (真山). These oni, as they are most commonly called in Japan, stole crops and young women from Oga's villages.[6][11]
The citizens of Oga wagered the demons that if they could build a flight of stone steps, one thousand steps in all, from the village to the five shrine halls[5] (variant: from the sea shore to the top of Mt. Shinzan[11]) all in one night, then the villagers will supply them with a young woman every year.[11] But if they failed the task they would have to leave. But just as the ogres were about to complete the work, a villager mimicked the cry of a rooster, and the ogres departed, believing they had failed.
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